CSE Manual
Resources
CSE citation is used in all areas of the sciences.
If you need more information than what is given in this guide, try the following sources:
Notice
This is only intended to be a basic guide to get you started. Your professor may have specific or additional requirements not listed in this guide. If you need additional help, schedule an appointment at the Writing Center!
CSE Citation Style
Note: CSE uses strict capitalization and abbreviation rules:
- When citing journals, use the official abbreviation of its title. (List of Title Word Abbreviations). If a journal name is only one word, do not abbreviate.
Example: Nature J Amb Intel Hum Comp
- Author names: List the author's last name, followed by a space, then initial with no periods. Make sure to match exactly how the name is listed, following the capitalization and punctuation printed in the source material:
Example: Terry Winograd → Winograd T Irene de la Cruz-Pavía → de la Cruz-Pavía I Yu-Ting Chen → Chen Y-T
- Multiple authors: List each author in the same order they are listed in the source material, separated by a comma. For books with more than 5 authors, list the first author followed by “et al.”
Example: Honghai Guan, Qingli Chen, Song Han, Baoge Zhang → Guan H, Chen Q, Han S, Zhang B
Example: Eckart Voigts, Robin Markus Auer, Dietmar Elflein, Sebastian Kunas, Jan Röhnert, Christoph Seelinger
→ Voigts E et al
- Only capitalize the first word in the title and any proper nouns (i.e. names). All other words, including subtitles, should be in lowercase.
Example: Shifting viewpoints: artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction
- Taxonomic names: Use capitalized italics for the Genus and lowercase italics for the species (Dirofilaria immitis). Do not italicize the names of higher orders and families (Onchocercidae).
Name–Year Format
Book citations should contain either the author or editor name(s), publication year, book title, edition (if 2nd edition or above), and publisher name. Ebooks, or online books, should also include the DOI or URL.
Format:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Year. Book Title. Edition (only if it is the second edition or above). Publisher. DOI (if available) or URL of online book
Examples:
Randolph T. 2021. Artificial intelligent: work, machines and human interaction. SNOVA.
Two to five authors - list all authors separated by comma:
Glasby M, Bodoano B. 2020. The book of horror: the anatomy of fear in film. Quarto Publishing Group.
More than five authors - list first author followed by et al:
Leigh J et al. 2022. Women in supramolecular chemistry: Collectively Crafting the Rhythms of our Work and Lives in STEM. Policy Press.
Online book:
Daliot-Bul M, Otmazgin N. 2017. The anime boom in the United States: 1972-1989. Harvard University Asia Center. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvrs9046
Edited book:
Editor name(s), editor(s). Year. Book Title. Edition (only if it is the second edition or above). Publisher. DOI (if available) or URL of online book
Example:
Voights E et al, editors. 2024. Artificial intelligent - intelligent art? : human-machine interaction and creative practice. Verlag.
Chapter from edited book:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Date. Chapter title. In: Editor Last Name and First Initial, editor(s). Book Title. Edition (only if it is the second edition or above). Publisher. Page Numbers. DOI (if available) or URL of online book
Example:
Bergen T. 2008. From Bigfoot stole my husband. In: de Caro F, editor. The folklore muse: poetry, fiction, and other reflections by folklorists. University Press of Colorado. p 84-90. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt4cgmxc.31
Dissertation:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Year. Dissertation Title. [dissertation or master's thesis]. Publisher. URL
Example:
Dell'Acqua F. 2022. Artificial intelligence in organizations: three experiments on human/machine interaction and human augmentation. [dissertation]. Columbia University. https://search.proquest.com/openview/3201d2314659e728becbf2be0e20c488/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Remember: When citing journals, use the official abbreviation of its title. (List of Title Word Abbreviations). If a journal name is only one word, do not abbreviate. Example: Nature J Amb Intel Hum Comp
Format:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Year. Article title. Journal title (abbreviated). Vol(issue):location (normally page numbers). DOI (preferred) or URL of online article
Example:
Winograd T. 2006. Shifting viewpoints: artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. Art Intel. 170(18):1256-1259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2006.10.011
Two to five authors - list all authors separated by comma:
Nazar M, Alam MM, Yafi E, Su'ud MM. 2021. A systematic review of human-computer interaction and explainable artificial intelligence in health care. IEEE Access. 9:153316-153348. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3127881
More than five authors - list first author followed by et al::
Abrams EM et al. 2022. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 396(10258): 1204-1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
Magazines:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Year Mon Day (if available). Article title. Publication title (abbreviated). Vol(issue):normally page numbers. URL of online article
Hiatt B. 2023, July. The brain behind Barbie. Rolling Stone. 1377/1378: 92-95.
Newspapers:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Year Mon Day (if available). Article title. Publication title (abbreviated). Sect. and col. (if print). URL of online article
Holden S. 1994 Sept 15. The Lizzie Borden story with a rock attitude: here. New York Times. Sect. C:15 (col. 3).
Use this format for websites. For online books and articles, use their format--even if you access the resource through the web.
Format:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial (if no author, cite under title). Year Mon Day (if available). Title. Publisher; [date updated] (if no update date is available, include an access date). URL
Examples:
Zapato L. 1998 Mar 8. Pacific northwest tree octopus. [updated 2022 May 5]. https://zapatopi.net/treeoctopus/
Tai MC-T. 2020 Aug 14. The impact of artificial intelligence on human society and bioethics. National Library of Medicine; [accessed 2025 January 7]. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7605294/
Earth observation data and artificial intelligence. [date unknown]. NASA Earthdata; [accessed 2025 January 7]. https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/earth-observation-data-basics/artificial-intelligence
In addition to creating a works cited or reference list at the end of your paper, you must also give credit within the text of your paper. This is done through an in-text citation in parentheses ( ) at the end of the sentence before the punctuation mark. This is also called a parenthetical citation.
Direct Quotes
When quoting directly from an author or source, you need the author's last name year of publication and page number. If you use the author's name in the sentence, then you don't have to repeat it in the parenthetical citation. Use "p." to reference a single page and "pp." for multiple pages.
Examples:
According to Karjalainen (2018, p.2), "Finnish Metal is surprisingly consistent."
In Sounds of Origin in Heavy Metal Music, he stated, "Finnish Metal is surprisingly consistent" (Karjalainen 2018, p. 2).
Paraphrasing/Summarizing
When paraphrasing or sharing an author's ideas in your own your own words, you need the author's last name and year of publication. If you use the author's name in the sentence, then you don't have to repeat it in the parenthetical citation.
Examples:
According to Glasby and Bodoano (2020), even though horror is subjective, there are patterns to what frightens us.
Even though horror is subjective, there are patterns to what frightens us (Glasby and Bonoano 2020).
Multiple authors:
If your citation has more than two authors, list both authors by their last names with "and" in between. If the resource has more than two authors, use first author's last name followed by "et al".
Examples:
The animated TV-show Rick and Morty "depicts several important and relevant themes about the impact of technology in contemporary societies" (Eldem and Nayir 2022, p.1).
According to Abrams et al (2020), the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides the most up-to-date assessment of the descriptive epidemiology of diseases and injuries.
No authors:
If your resource does not have an author or editor, use the title in the in-text citation. If the title is long, use only the first word or two followed by ellipsis (. . .) instead of the full title.
Example:
While headbanging has been linked to health complications, it is generally considered harmless (Headbanging . . . 2014).
Date unknown
If the resource does not have a date, use [date unknown] in place of the date.
Example
In addition to being entertaining, My Little Pony contains several lessons (Mavity [date unknown]).
Citation–Sequence and Citation–Name Formats
Citation-sequence and citation-name formats are very similar. The citation formats are the same for both; the difference comes from how the citations are listed in the end reference list. In citation-sequence, lists resources in the order they appear in the text. In citation-name, list the references alphabetically by the first author's last name.
Book citations should contain either the author or editor name(s), book title, edition (if 2nd edition or above), publisher name, and publication year. Ebooks, or online books, should also include the DOI or URL.
Format:
Author(s), editors (if applicable). Book Title. Edition (only if it is the second edition or above). Publisher; year of publication. DOI (if available) or URL of online book
Examples:
Randolph T. Artificial intelligent: work, machines and human interaction. SNOVA; 2021.
Two to five authors - list all authors separated by comma:
Glasby M, Bodoano B. The book of horror: the anatomy of fear in film. Quarto Publishing Group; 2020.
More than five authors - list first author followed by et al:
Leigh J et al. Women in supramolecular chemistry. Policy Press; 2022.
Online book:
Daliot-Bul M, Otmazgin N. The anime boom in the United States: 1972-1989. Harvard University Asia Center; 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvrs9046
Edited book:
Editor name(s), editor(s). Book Title. Edition (only if it is the second edition or above). Publisher; Year. DOI (if available) or URL of online book
Example:
Voights E et al, editors. Artificial intelligent - intelligent art? : human-machine interaction and creative practice. Verlag; 2024.
Chapter from edited book:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Chapter title. In: Editor Last Name and First Initial, editor(s). Book Title. Edition (only if it is the second edition or above). Publisher; Year. Page Numbers. DOI (if available) or URL of online book
Example:
Bergen T. From Bigfoot stole my husband. In: de Caro F, editor. The folklore muse: poetry, fiction, and other reflections by folklorists. University Press of Colorado; 2008. p 84-90. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt4cgmxc.31
Dissertation:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Dissertation Title. [dissertation or master's thesis]. Publisher; Year. URL
Example:
Dell'Acqua F. Artificial intelligence in organizations: three experiments on human/machine interaction and human augmentation. [dissertation]. Columbia University; 2022. https://search.proquest.com/openview/3201d2314659e728becbf2be0e20c488/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Remember: When citing journals, use the official abbreviation of its title. (List of Title Word Abbreviations). If a journal name is only one word, do not abbreviate. Example: Nature J Amb Intel Hum Comp
Format:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Article title. Journal title (abbreviated). Year;Vol(issue):location (normally page numbers). DOI (preferred) or URL of online article
Example:
Winograd T. Shifting viewpoints: artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. Art Intel. 2006;170(18):1256-1259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2006.10.011
Two to five authors:
Nazar M, Alam MM, Yafi E, Su'ud MM. A systematic review of human-computer interaction and explainable artificial intelligence in health care. IEEE Access. 2021;9:153316-153348. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3127881
More than five authors:
Abrams EM et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 2022;396(10258): 1204-1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
Magazines:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Article title. Publication title (abbreviated). Year Mon Day (if available);Vol(issue):normally page numbers. URL of online article
Hiatt B. The brain behind Barbie. Rolling Stone. 2023, July;1377/1378: 92-95.
Newspapers:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial. Article title. Publication title (abbreviated). Year Mon Day (if available);Sect. and col. (if print). URL of online article
Holden S. The Lizzie Borden story with a rock attitude: Here. New York Times. 1994 Sept 15;Sect. C:15 (col. 3).
Use this format for websites. For online books and articles, use their format--even if you access the resource through the web.
Format:
Author Last Name(s) First Initial (if no author, cite under title). Title. Publisher; Year Mon Day (if available) [date updated] (if no update date is available, include an access date). URL
Examples:
Zapato L. Pacific northwest tree octopus.1998 Mar [updated 2022 May 5]. https://zapatopi.net/treeoctopus/
Tai MC-T. The impact of artificial intelligence on human society and bioethics. National Library of Medicine; 2020 Aug 14 [accessed 2025 January 7]. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7605294/
Earth observation data and artificial intelligence. NASA Earthdata; [date unknown] [accessed 2025 January 7]. https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/earth-observation-data-basics/artificial-intelligence
Both citation–sequence and citation–name formats use numbers to reference citations instead of in-text citations that you may be used to seeing in name-year or other format styles. In citation-sequence, the end reference page lists resources in the order they appear in the text. In citation-name, the end reference page lists resources alphabetically by the first author's last name. In both cases, the references are numbered and this number is used within the paper to refer to the citation.
When citing a source, enter the resource's number in superscript format before the punctuation mark.
Example:
Even though horror is subjective, there are patterns to what frightens us¹.
Reference list:
1. Glasby M, Bodoano B. The book of horror: the anatomy of fear in film. Quarto Publishing Group; 2020.
